The history of American pharmacy contributions to pandemic responses can be described for five pandemics: 1918 (influenza A/H1N1 virus), 1957-1958 (H2N2 virus), 1968 (H3N2 virus), 2009 (H1N1pdm09 virus), and 2019-2023 (SARS-CoV-2 virus). Using
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, has become a global health concern. Therefore, there is an immense need to understand the network of virus-host interactions by using human
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many changes that may impact anxiety symptoms (i.e., general anxiety and somatization), particularly for young adults who were at higher risk for anxiety than older adults. We examined anxiety symptoms before
In late 2021, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) posted an interim final rule (86 FR 64075) to the federal register regulating the possession, use, and transfer of SARS-CoV-1/SARS-CoV-2 chimeric viruses. In doing so, the CDC
Multi-type birth-death (MTBD) models are phylodynamic analogies of compartmental models in classical epidemiology. They serve to infer such epidemiological parameters as the average number of secondary infections Re and the infectious time from a
The frequency of wildfires in the western United States has escalated in recent decades. Here we examine the impacts of wildfires on ground-level ozone (O(3)) precursors and the O(3)-NO(x)-VOC chemistry from the source to downwind urban areas. We use
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has served as a timely reminder that the existing drug discovery is a laborious, expensive, and slow process. Never has there been such global demand for a therapeutic treatment to be identified as a matter of such